A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

1080i
1080 lines of interlaced video (540 lines per field). Usually refers to 1920x1080 resolution in 1.78 aspect ratio.

1080p
1080 lines of progressive video (1080 lines per frame). Usually refers to 1920x1080 resolution in 1.78 aspect ratio.

16:9
Aspect ratio most commonly known as widescreen and is wider than the standard 4:3 aspect ratio. 16:9 supporters state that the wider picture corresponds much better to the human visual field than the almost square 4:3.

2-2 pulldown
The process of transferring 24-frame-per-second film to video by repeating each film frame as two video fields. When 24-fps film is converted via 2-2 pulldown to 25-fps 625/50 (PAL) video, the film runs 4 percent faster than normal.

2-3 pulldown
The process of converting 24-frame-per-second film to video by repeating one film frame as three fields, then the next film frame as two fields.

3-2 pulldown
An uncommon variation of 2-3 pulldown, where the first film frame is repeated for 3 fields instead of two. Most people mean 2-3 pulldown when they say 3-2 pulldown.

4:1:1
The component digital video format with one Cb sample and one Cr sample for every four Y samples. 4:1 horizontal downsampling with no vertical downsampling. Chroma is sampled on every line, but only for every four luma pixels (i.e., 1 pixel in a 1x4 grid). This amounts to a subsampling of chroma by a factor of two compared to luma (and by a factor of four for a single Cb or Cr component). DVD uses 4:2:0 sampling, not 4:1:1 sampling.

4:2:0
The component digital video format used by DVD, where there is one Cb sample and one Cr sample for every four Y samples (i.e., 1 pixel in a 2x2 grid). 2:1 horizontal downsampling and 2:1 vertical downsampling. Cb and Cr are sampled on every other line, in between the scan lines, with one set of chroma samples for each two luma samples on a line. This amounts to a subsampling of chroma by a factor of two compared to luma (and by a factor of four for a single Cb or Cr component).

4:2:2
The component digital video format commonly used for studio recordings, where there is one Cb sample and one Cr sample for every two Y samples (i.e., 1 pixel in a 1x2 grid). 2:1 horizontal downsampling with no vertical downsampling. This allocates the same number of samples to the chroma signal as to the luma signal. The input to MPEG-2 encoders used for DVD is typically in 4:2:2 format, but the video is subsampled to 4:2:0 before being encoded and stored.

4:2:2:4
The component digital video that corresponds to 4:2:2 but includes an additional key signal (Alpha Channel) with a resolution as high as the Y signal.

4:4:4
A component digital video format for high-end studio recordings, where Y, Cb, and Cr are sampled equally.

480i
480 lines of interlaced video (240 lines per field). Usually refers to 720x480 (or 704x480) resolution.

480p
480 lines of progressive video (480 lines per frame). 480p60 refers to 60 frames per second; 480p30 refers to 30 frames per second; and 480p24 refers to 24 frames per second (film source). Usually refers to 720x480 (or 704x480) resolution.

4C
The four-company entity: IBM, Intel, Matsushita, Toshiba.

525/60
The scanning system of 525 lines per frame and 60 interlaced fields (30 frames) per second. Used by the NTSC television standard.

5.1 Audio
In contrast to the Stereo sound system and conventional Surround Systems, this sound system offers five separate full band audio signals: Left, middle, right, rear left, rear right. An additional subwoofer (LFE) channel is also provided.

5C
The five-company entity: IBM, Intel, Matsushita, Toshiba, Sony.

625/50
The scanning system of 625 lines per frame and 50 interlaced fields (25 frames) per second. Used by PAL and SECAM television standards.

720p
720 lines of progressive video (720 lines per frame). Higher definition than standard DVD (480i or 480p). 720p60 refers to 60 frames per second; 720p30 refers to 30 frames per second; and 720p24 refers to 24 frames per second (film source). Usually refers to 1280x720 resolution in 1.78 aspect ratio.

8/16 modulation
The form of modulation block code used by DVD to store channel data on the disc. See modulation.